Reported Speech

Reported Speech
Alguém me disse que você disse que alguém comentou que o Joãozinho achava Reported Speech muito difícil.
1.Há frequentemente backshift de tempos em Reported speech.


Example:
Susan: "I work in an office." Susan said that she worked in an office.

Dê uma olhada nos seguintes exemplos de backshifting:
Peter: "I work in the garden."
Peter said that he worked in the garden.

Peter: "I worked in the garden."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden.

Peter: "I have worked in the garden."
Peter: "I had worked in the garden."

Peter: "I will work in the garden."
Peter said that he would work in the garden.

Peter: "I can work in the garden."
Peter said that he could work in the garden.

Peter: "I may work in the garden."
Peter said that he might work in the garden.

Peter: "I would work in the garden."
(could, might, should, ought to)
Peter said he would work in the garden. 


Progressive forms
Peter: "I'm working in the garden."
Peter said that he was working in the garden.

Peter: "I was working in the garden."
Peter said that he had been working in the garden.

Peter: "I have been working in the garden."
Peter: "I had been working in the garden."


Se a sentença contém a expressão de tempo, você deve mudá-la tambem.
Example:
Peter: "I worked in the garden yesterday."
Peter said that he had worked in the garden the day before.


Pegue os seguintes exemplos da mudança de expressões de tempo:

Em alguns casos o backshift dos tempos não é necessário, por exemplo, quando as declarações ainda são verdadeiras.


John: "My brother is very tall."
John said that his brother was very tall.
or
John said that his brother is very tall.

Mandy: "The sun rises in the East."
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East.
or
Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.


2. Reported commands
Se você colocar um comando no discurso relatado, há alguns passos que são os mesmos, como nas declarações: (mudança da pessoa, backshift dos tempos, mudando de expressões de tempo).


Father: "Do your homework."
Father told me to do my homework.

Teacher. "Don't talk to your neighbor."
The teacher told me not to talk to my neighbor. 


3. Reported Questions


1. Normal ordem das palavras é usada em questões relatadas, ou seja, o sujeito vem antes do verbo, e não é necessário o uso de 'do' ou 'did':"Where does Peter live?" Ela perguntou-lhe where Peter lived. (NOT where did Peter live).2. Sim / não: Este tipo de questão é relatado pelo uso de 'ask' + if / whether+ clause:


a. "Do you speak English?" He asked me if I spoke English.

b. "Are you British or American?" He asked me whether I was British or American.

c. "Is it raining?" She asked if it was raining.

d. "Have you got a computer?" He wanted to know whether I had a computer.

e. "Can you type?" She asked if I could type.

f. "Did you come by train?" He enquired whether I had come by train.

g. "Have you been to Bristol before?" She asked if I had been to Bristol before.


3.1 Question words:


Este tipo de pergunta é relatado pelo uso de 'ask' (verbo ou outro como 'ask' + question word+ clause. A cláusula contém a pergunta, na ordem das palavras normais e com as mudanças necessárias no tense change. .


Examples:

a. "What is your name?" he asked me. He asked me what my name was.

b. "How old is your mother?", he asked. He asked how old her mother was.

c. The mouse said to the elephant, "Where do you live?" The mouse asked the elephantwhere she lived.

d. "What time does the train arrive?" she asked. She asked what time the train arrived.

e. "When can we have dinner?" she asked. She
asked when they could have dinner.

f. The elephant said to the mouse, "Why are you so small?" The elephant asked the mousewhy she was so small.